Iron deficiency

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Vitamins and Minerals Demystified Dr. Steve Blake See book keywords and concepts

Adolescent girls who are growing rapidly and also menstruating are at a high risk of iron deficiency. Pregnant women need only a normal amount of iron in early pregnancy. However, during the last trimester of pregnancy, iron needs exceed the iron present in even the best diet. During the last trimester, iron is removed from the mother's iron stores to supply the growing fetus. There is normally a deficit of about 450 mg of iron during pregnancy—about 80 percent of this deficit takes place during the last six weeks of pregnancy.

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They are also contraindicated for treating anemias not caused by iron deficiency, such as hemolytic anemia or thalassemia, due to the risk of excess iron storage. Parenteral preparations are not for subcutaneous administration. Sustained-release dosage forms should be avoided in patients who have conditions associated with intestinal strictures. precautions Treatment of iron-deficiency anemia must only be done under medical supervision.

Beard JL: iron deficiency anemia: reexamining the nature and magnitude of the public health problem. J Nutr; 13L568S-580S. 2001 irolin RE, Gorman JH, Gorman RC et al: Prophylactic iron upplementation after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a prospective, buble-blind, randomized study. Arch Surg; 133:740-744. 1998 Bruner AB, Joffe A, Duffan AK: Randomized study of cognitive effects of iron supplementation in non-anemic iron-deficient adolescent girls. Lancet; 348(9033):992-996. 1996 Campbell NRC, Hasinoff BB: Iron supplements: a common cause of drug interactions. Br J Clin Pharmacol; 31(3):251-255.

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That's especially important for menstruating women, who are a lot more at risk for iron deficiency. Finally, spinach contains lutein, a carotenoid that protects against eye disease and vision loss, like the kind caused by cataracts and macular degeneration. Now here's something really interesting: Lutein can't be absorbed unless fat is also present. (That's why the lutein in egg yolks is so powerful.

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Al-Momen A, Al-Meshari A, Al-Nuaim L et al: Intravenous iron sucrose complex in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol; 69:121-124. 1996 Anderson BD, Turchen SG, Manoguerra AS et al: Retrospective analysis of ingestions of iron containing products in the United States: are there differences between chewable vitamins and adult preparations? J Emerg Med; 19(3):255-258. 2000 Anon: NKF-DOQI clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of anemia of chronic renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis; 30:S 137-S192.

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As many as 20 percent of menstruating women may have iron-related anemia because their monthly blood loss produces an iron deficiency. That may be the case in as much as half of all pregnant women as well—they're not menstruating, but the passenger they're carrying is hungry for iron too!) Without enough iron our immune system functions poorly, the skin gets pale, and people can feel confused, dizzy, cold, and extremely fatigued. Iron even explains why some areas of the world's ocean are crystal clear blue and almost devoid of life, while others are bright green and teeming with it.

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If you or a loved one, especially a child, suffer from iron deficiency anemia, it is important to treat the disorder right away. iron deficiency may result in fatigue, irritability, increased susceptibility to infections and even learning disorders. Begin eating more iron-rich foods— such as lentils, nuts, dandelion and avocados - and taking iron supplements right away, and be sure to have a physician, preferably a naturopath, oversee your treatment. Vitamin B12 deficiency has genetic and nutritional roots.

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If one or more of these ingredients is lacking, anemia will develop. iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia, particularly among women. The lack of iron is often triggered by heavy blood loss such as through menstruation or childbirth, the body's inability to absorb iron from the diet, or a diet that lacks iron-rich foods. Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is frequently caused either by the inability of the small bowel to absorb vitamin B12, or by a lack of food in the diet containing vitamin B12.

Do not take iron supplements if you do not have iron deficiency anemia. Vitamin B12 helps with all types of anemia, but if your doctor diagnoses you with B12 deficiency anemia then you should take 1,000 meg of B12 a day, which is higher than the recommended daily amount, or have B12 injections. For folic acid deficiency anemia, take 800-1,200 meg a day, which is higher than the recommended daily amount. Also take 2,000 mgof spirulina a day, which has been shown to stimulate the production of red blood cells from bone marrow.

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Family factors play an important role, and rates of RLS zoom in frequent blood donors who have an iron deficiency. How this syndrome is treated depends mostly on how bad it is. But the first thing the doctor will do is check out the body's iron stores by testing ferritin levels. If these are low, he or she is likely to prescribe iron pills. The mainstays of treatment for RLS, though, are also treatments for Parkinson's disease or for epilepsy. Patients with RLS don't have either of these diseases, but the medicines used to treat them also greatly reduce the symptoms of RLS.

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Some groups are more likely than others to develop iron deficiency anemia because they have increased needs for the mineral. They include premature infants, rapidly growing children, pregnant and lactating women, women with heavy periods, and people with bowel disease, which interferes with the absorption of nutrients. Loss of blood is the most common reason for iron deficiency in adults. In menstruating women, the cause of blood loss is usually obvious.

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Brittle nails are also a sign of iron deficiency. Like zinc, iron is a part of many essential enzyme reactions. It is needed for good immune system function and for the liver's ability to get rid of toxic substances. Food sources of iron include liver, organ meats, fish, poultry, dried beans, vegetables, and whole grains. Consult with your doctor if you have iron-deficiency symptoms; he or she may recommend a higher dose.

Vegetarians, adolescent girls, people who have bleeding ulcers, and pregnant women are all at increased risk for iron deficiency. ?People with hypochlorhydria are also at risk, as they don't absorb iron from foods very well. ?Chronic use of laxatives or inflammatory diseases of the colon (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis) may also increase iron needs. ?People who take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and have intestinal bleeding may also become iron deficient.

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Signs of iron deficiency, which occur more in women when menstruating, as well as in seniors, include depression and melancholy, poor oxygenation, low vital force in the nervous system and brain, susceptibility to colds, low blood pressure, anemia, poor mental functioning, poor memory, and poor speech. Close to 57 percent of meat eaters are deficient in iron.10 Vitamin C, particularly a complete vitamin C, amplifies the assimilation of iron. Vitamin C in fruits and vegetables naturally amplifies iron absorption. This may explain why vegetarians have less iron deficiency than meat eaters.

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To treat iron deficiency anemia: Diagnostic tests are carried out to first determine that there is no hidden blood loss, for example, due to a heavy period, an ulcer, or other occult gastrointestinal bleeding. If blood loss is detected, medication is prescribed to treat the cause and prevent further loss. Iron pills are also prescribed, usually in the form of ferrous sulfate, in the amount of 60 mg of elemental iron three times a day.

Calc phos: If symptoms of iron deficiency anemia develop after an illness, consider using Calc carb. Symptoms may be especially noticeable in children who have poor muscle tone, weak digestion, and a history of cold hands and feet indicating poor circulation. TIP: TAKE VITAMIN C Vitamin C appears to increase the absorption of iron. Eat foods rich in vitamin C, such as red, orange, and dark green fruit and vegetables, with every meal. HERBALISM Anemia can be caused by a variety of nutritional, genetic, and environmental factors.

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We found that prolonged bottle-feeding among Mexican-American children puts them at higher risk for iron deficiency," says Brotanek. IMPLICATIONS According to Dr. Ruth Lawrence, a professor of pediatrics at the University of Rochester School of Medicine, and a member of the executive committee of the section on breast-feeding at the American Academy of Pediatrics, lack of iron in children's diets has been a concern for 25 years. This new study shows that the problem has not gone away.

Right now, there are an estimated 3-8 million American children at risk for iron deficiency and anemia because they are being bottle-fed past 12 months of age, Brotanek says. "It is important for parents to transition their child to the cup early on, preferably at nine months of age, so that by 12 months of age their child can be completely weaned from the bottle," Brotanek advises.

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This double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects of 13 mg per day of supplemental iron for 8 weeks on cognitive function in adolescent girls with non-anemic iron deficiency. Results showed that girls receiving iron scored higher on verbal learning and memory tests relative to controls. ?¦¦ Aged Garlic Extract Prolongs Longevity and Improves Spatial Memory Deficit in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse. Moriguchi T; et al. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1996 February, 19(2):305-307.

Have a blood test to determine true iron deficiency, as iron overload can cause health problems. Iron can interfere with a number of drugs, including thyroid hormone drugs, antibiotics, and drugs used to treat Parkinson's disease. Tannins found in coffee and tea can inhibit iron absorption. Regular supplementation of NAC increases urinary output of copper. If supplementing with NAC for an extended period, add 2 mg of copper and 30 mg of zinc to your daily supplement regimen. 2.

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The study also found that the longer the duration of bottle-feeding, the higher the prevalence of iron deficiency among all children. For those children who were bottle-fed less than 12 months, 3-8% were iron-deficient; of the children bottle-fed between 13 and 23 months, 11.5% were iron-deficient; and 12.4% of the children were iron-deficient if they were bottle-fed between 24 and 48 months. "The more milk the children drank, the more they used the bottle for a longer period of time, the greater their likelihood for anemia," Brotanek says. At 24 to 48 months of age, 36.

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A hoarse voice may also signal iron deficiency anemia, as well as a host of serious autoimmune condi- . , ,. , . SIGN OF THE TIMES tions including myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, and sarcoidosis. (See A popular myth in China is that if a pregnant woman eats chicken or rabbit, her baby Appendix I.) And a hoarse voice in will develop a hoarse voice, the morning (aka morning voice) is a common sign of hypothyroidism. (See Appendix I.) Chronic hoarseness can also be a warning sign of benign or malignant growths on the vocal cords, throat, mouth, or neck.

Supplement Your Prescription: What Your Doctor Doesn't Know About Nutrition Hyla Cass See book keywords and concepts

Iron: In premenopausal women, depression may be a symptom of chronic iron deficiency anemia. Dose: Up to 15 mg daily. ?Magnesium: Deficiency in this mineral can result in depression, confusion, and anxiety. Dose: 250-500 mg daily. ?Vitamin C: Deficiencies in vitamin C can lead to depression. Stress, pregnancy, nursing, surgery, inflammatory disease, and infection will all deplete your vitamin C supply. So will aspirin, tetracycline, and birth control pills. Dose: 250-1,000 mg twice daily (it doesn't last long in the body, so it's best to take it twice). ?

Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey See book keywords and concepts

However, more recent research has raised the problem of distinguishing true iron deficiency from alterations in iron status measures that are caused by exercise itself. Low iron status in athletes is overdiag-nosed from single measures of low hemoglobin and ferritin levels. A major problem is the failure to recognize that the increase in blood volume that accompanies training causes a dilution of all the blood contents. This hemodilution, often termed "sports anemia," does not impair exercise performance. Nevertheless, some athletes are at true risk of becoming iron deficient.

Relative anemia and iron deficiency in cystic fibrosis. Pediatrics 71, 810-814. 112. Milla, C. E. (2004). Association of nutritional status and pulmonary function in children with cystic fibrosis. Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 10, 505-509. 113. Kuczmarski, R. J., Ogden, C. L., Grummer-Strawn, L. M., et al. (2000). CDC growth charts: United States. Advanced Data from Vital and Health Statistics No. 314. National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD. 114. Falkner, E, and Tanner, J. M., (Eds.). (1986). "Human Growth," 2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 104-107. Plenum Press, New York. 115. Ramsey, B. W.

Iron deficiency alters brain development and functioning. /. Nutr. 133, 1468S-1472S. 10. Beard, J. (2007). Recent evidence from human and animal studies regarding iron status and infant development. J. Nutr. 137, 524S-530S. 11. Golub, M. S., Keen, C. L., Gershwin, M. E., Styne, D. M., Takeuchi, P. T., Ontell, F., Walter, R. M., and Hendrickx, A. G. (1996). Adolescent growth and maturation in zinc-deprived rhesus monkeys [see comment]. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 64, 274-282. 12. Golub, M. S., Takeuchi, P. T., Keen, C. L., Hendrickx, A. G, and Gershwin, M. E. (1996).

All patients should be screened for the nutritional deficiencies that can accompany this malabsorptive disorder, such as iron deficiency anemia and fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies (vitamins A, E, 25-hydroxy-D, and a prothrombin time to check vitamin K status). Adult patients should also be monitored for the common extraintestinal complications, including osteoporosis, neurologic complaints, and the development of other autoimmune diseases, especially of the thyroid and liver [102, 103].

Prevention and treatment of iron deficiency may include iron supplementation, with a recommended therapeutic dose of lOOmg/day of elemental iron for 2 to 3 months. However, the management plan should include dietary counseling to increase the intake of bioavailable iron and appropriate strategies to reduce any unwarranted iron loss. Many athletes self-prescribe iron supplements; indeed, mass supplementation of athletes with iron has been fashionable at various times.

The Whole Soy Story: The dark side of America's favorite health food Kaayla T. Daniel, PhD, CCN See book keywords and concepts

The researchers concluded that a "diet rich in soy and restricted in animal foods is limited in bioavailable iron" and "promotes iron deficiency."27 Summing up this study in the Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients, Alan Gaby, M.D., advised vegetarians who eat a lot of soy to "be screened for iron deficiency and given iron supplements or dietary recommendations when necessary."28 Had those soy foods been fermented, the phytates might have had a minimal effect.

1000 Cures for 200 Ailments: Integrated Alternative and Conventional Treatments for the Most Common Illnesses Marshall Editions See book keywords and concepts

Herbs containing vitamin C: iron deficiency anemia may respond to vitamin C supplementation. You can take 250-500 mg in vitamin C tablets or incorporate any of a number of herbs high in vitamin C in your meals. DIAGNOSIS Asthma is an inflammatory condition that affects the airways. When the tubes (the bronchioles) that carry air to the lungs are irritated, they become swollen and obstruct the flow of air, filling up with sticky mucus in the process. This causes wheezing and breathing problems.

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